![]() The daub may be mixed by hand, or by treading – either by humans or livestock. Reinforcement is provided by straw, hair, hay or other fibrous materials, and helps to hold the mix together as well as to control shrinkage and provide flexibility. Aggregates give the mix its bulk and dimensional stability through materials such as mud, sand, crushed chalk and crushed stone. Binders hold the mix together and can include clay, lime, chalk dust and limestone dust. ĭaub is usually created from a mixture of ingredients from three categories: binders, aggregates and reinforcement. The origin of the term wattle describing a group of acacias in Australia, is derived from the common use of acacias as wattle in early Australian European settlements. Reeds and vines can also be used as wattle material. For example, at the Mitchell Site on the northern outskirts of the city of Mitchell, South Dakota, willow has been found as the wattle material of the walls of the house. In different regions, the material of wattle can be different. The wattle may be made as loose panels, slotted between timber framing to make infill panels, or made in place to form the whole of a wall. The wattle is made by weaving thin branches (either whole, or more usually split) or slats between upright stakes. Construction A woven wattle gate keeps animals out of a 15th century cabbage patch. A review of English architecture especially reveals that the sophistication of this craft is dependent on the various styles of timber frame housing. Vitruvius refers to it as being employed in Rome. It continued to flourish well into the New Kingdom and beyond. Įvidence for wattle and daub (or "wattle and reed") fire pits, storage bins, and buildings shows up in Egyptian archaeological sites such as Merimda and El Omari, dating back to the 5th millennium BCE, predating the use of mud brick and continuing to be the preferred building material until about the start of the First Dynasty. Fragments from prehistoric wattle and daub buildings have been found in Africa, Europe, Mesoamerica and North America. There are suggestions that construction techniques such as lath and plaster and even cob may have evolved from wattle and daub. Its usage dates back at least 6,000 years. In Africa it is common in the architecture of traditional houses such as those of the Ashanti people. It was common for houses of Linear pottery and Rössen cultures of middle Europe, but is also found in Western Asia ( Çatalhöyük, Shillourokambos) as well as in North America ( Mississippian culture) and South America ( Brazil). The wattle and daub technique was used already in the Neolithic period. History A wattle and daub house as used by Native Americans of the Mississippian culture ![]() Many historic buildings include wattle and daub construction. Wattle and daub has been used for at least 6,000 years and is still an important construction method in many parts of the world. Wattle and daub is a composite building method used for making walls and buildings, in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw. Building technique using woven wooden supports packed with clay or mud
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